‍How can we help the Indian government better evaluate public-private partnerships?‍

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are increasing tenfold in India. Athena developed a governance framework across the entire life cycle of PPPs: from conceptualization, award, post award governance until closure. It first documented a set of case studies of operational PPP projects in the Build-Operate-Transfer model. It then evaluated upcoming PPP projects and designed a procurement blue-print for state governments to use. The outputs for this project then used Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), which allowed for assessment of very complex causations to ensure the empirical validity of the outcomes.